1903
Foundation of the Maréchal Ruchon & Co Ltd regrouping :
- A. Maréchal Ruchon et Cie (from GBD, Ganneval, Bondier & Cie)
- Sina & Cie
- C. J. Verguet Frères
These companies are controled by the Oppenheimer Holding(1) (London UK). C. J. Verguet continues to use its name to keep a French facade to the whole.